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Li Bai (701 – 762), also known as Li Po, was a Chinese poet acclaimed from his own day to the present as a genius and a romantic figure who took traditional poetic forms to new heights. He and his friend Du Fu (712–770) were the two most prominent figures in the flourishing of Chinese poetry in the Tang Dynasty that is often called the "Golden Age of China". The expression "Three Wonders" referred to Li Bai’s poetry, Pei Min’s swordplay, and Zhang Xu’s calligraphy.〔The New Book of Tang 文宗時，詔以白歌詩、裴旻劍舞、張旭草書為「三絕」〕 Around a thousand poems attributed to him are extant. His poems have been collected into four Tang dynasty poetry anthologies,〔河嶽英靈集, 唐寫本唐人選唐詩, 又玄集, and 才調集〕 and thirty-four of his poems are included in the anthology ''Three Hundred Tang Poems'', which was first published in the 18th century. In the same century, translations of his poems began to appear in Europe. The poems were models for celebrating the pleasures of friendship, the depth of nature, solitude, and the joys of drinking wine. Among the most famous are "Waking from Drunkenness on a Spring Day", "The Hard Road to Shu", and "Quiet Night Thought", which still appear in school texts in China. In the West, multi-lingual translations of Li's poems continue to be made. His life has even taken on a legendary aspect, including tales of drunkenness, chivalry, and the well-known fable that Li drowned when he reached from his boat to grasp the moon’s reflection in the river. Much of Li's life is reflected in his poetry: places which he visited, friends whom he saw off on journeys to distant locations perhaps never to meet again, his own dream-like imaginations embroidered with shamanic overtones, current events of which he had news of, descriptions sliced from nature in a timeless moment of poetry, and so on. However, of particular importance are the changes in the times through which he lived. His early poetry took place in the context of a "golden age" of internal peace and prosperity in the Chinese empire of the Tang dynasty, under the reign of an emperor who actively promoted and participated in the arts. This all changed suddenly and shockingly, beginning with the rebellion of the general An Lushan, when all of northern China was devastated by war and famine. Li's poetry as well takes on new tones and qualities. Unlike his younger friend Du Fu, Li was not to live to see the quelling of these disorders. However, much of Li's poetry has survived and it has retained enduring popularity in China and elsewhere. ==Family name and surname== Li (李) is the family name, or surname.〔Obata, v〕 Li Bai, Li Po, Li Bo, Ri Haku, all of these variants and more, with or without hyphenation, have been historically attested and used. Li Bai generally referred to himself as "白". His given name is written with a Chinese character (白), which is romanized by variants such as ''Po'', ''Bo'', ''Bai'', ''Pai''. In Hanyu Pinyin, reflecting modern Mandarin Chinese, the main, colloquial equivalent for this character is ''Bái''; however ''Bó'' is the correct literary variant and a common pronunciation for his surname. The "P" in Wade–Giles Po indicates a lack of aspiration in the consonant, thus closer to /b/ than /p/, which would be written "p'", that is, /p/ followed by an apostrophe. The Cantonese version is ''baak''6, with a final /k/. The reconstructed version of how he and others during the Tang dynasty would have pronounced this is ''Bhæk''. His courtesy name (''zi'') was Taibai (Tai-pai; 太白), literally "Great White," literally meaning Venus (in the Chinese of the time: later the term "Gold Star" replaced "Great White" as the planetary name). Thus, combining the family name with the courtesy name, his name appears in variants such as ''Li Taibo'', ''Li Taibai'', ''Li Tai-po'', and others. Less commonly in English, he also may be known by the pseudonym (''hao''), ''Qīnglián Jūshì'' (''Ching-lien Chu-shih''; 青蓮居士), meaning literally ''Householder of Azure Lotus'' (that is, Qianlian town), or the nicknames "Immortal Poet" (Poet Transcendent )(), Wine Immortal (), Banished Transcendent (), Poet-Knight-errant (, or "Poet-Hero"). When the English transliteration is derived through Japanese, his name may be given as "Ri Haku"or "Ri Taihaku". 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Li Bai」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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